Module 3: How to Plant a Tree
Examining a Potential Planting Site
Start by thinking about what you want your yard to look like in 10 or 20 years. The key to analyzing a planting site is to envision it with a full-grown tree. Although the new tree you are considering planting probably will be only 5 or 10 feet tall, it may grow to 50 or 100 feet, depending on the species. Keep this in mind when selecting a planting site.
Here are some questions to consider about your planting site:
By carefully assessing your site, you will be able to make a more informed choice about the tree species best suited for that location.* Does the site provide enough room for the tree's crown and roots to grow? Are the prevailing winds and sun exposure conducive to its growth?
Consider other trees, buildings, or landscape features near the site. Again, keep in mind the mature height of the tree you're about to plant. What looks like enough room now may look very crowded after 10 years of growth. Tree roots need space too, and don't like to be confined by sidewalks, driveways, or house foundations. Some trees tolerate shade while others prefer full sun. Some trees have shallow root systems, so you may need to stake the tree for the first year. This redbud tree (right) is well suited for its location.
* Are there utility wires or other obstructions nearby or overhead?
If there are overhead wires on your property, avoid planting large shade trees within 25 feet of them. Planting large maturing trees underneath power lines could cause power outages and increased maintenance costs. Eventually these trees will require severe pruning. If you must plant directly underneath wires, select a tree that will be less than 30 feet at maturity.
* What is the soil like? Is it sandy or comprised of heavy clay? Is it poorly drained or well drained?
The health and vigor of your tree will greatly depend on the quantity and quality of the soil in the planting site, so investigate the soil before you plant the tree. Soil near houses tends to be highly compacted, a less than ideal growing condition. Tree roots need loose or uncompacted soil because they must have oxygen for growth. If you have sandy or clay soil, peat or compost can increase the air space and improve drainage.
* What function will the tree serve? Will you choose a shade tree, an ornamental tree, a deciduous tree or a conifer?
The purpose of the tree is an important consideration. For example, if you're looking for a privacy screen, a maple is a poor choice because it doesn't hold its leaves year round. However, a cedar is ideal for this purpose. If the tree's primary purpose is shade, an oak, maple, or ash may be at the top of your list.
